Scientific literature search and selection methodology
Our team did a comprehensive scientific literature survey where they looked for a good matching between the field characteristics of NeoRhythm and the stimulation regime of reported bioelectromagnetic research. The focus of matching was on frequency and intensity. We performed a thorough selection of literature in March and April of 2022. We found the following noteworthy articles that beacon to further clinical investigation in PEMF. Among hundreds of scientific articles, we found 68 pieces of research, and twelve reviews worthy of consideration. The list is open for add-ons; If there is a special interest, some further useful scientific article mining may be done.
Review articles – general
Brain resonance induction effects, so-called entrainment
Sleep disturbances
Only two articles were found to meet the strict conditions of clinical testing, had a positive outcome, and correspond to the characteristics of NeoRhythm’s stimulation fields of using PEMF for sleep disturbance. These articles are the first two, the other ones are only auxiliary. Therefore a lot of valuable investigation waits for keen researchers.
Review articles
Shafiei, S.A. and Firoozabadi, S.M., 2014. Local ELF-magnetic field: a possible novel therapeutic approach to psychology symptoms. Neurological Sciences, 35(11), pp.1651-1656.
Di Lazzaro, V., Capone, F., Apollonio, F., Borea, P.A., Cadossi, R., Fassina, L., Grassi, C., Liberti, M., Paffi, A., Parazzini, M. and Varani, K., 2013. A consensus panel review of central nervous system effects of the exposure to low-intensity extremely low-frequency magnetic fields. Brain stimulation, 6(4), pp.469-476.
Varani, K., Vincenzi, F., Cadossi, M., Setti, S., Borea, P.A. and Cadossi, R., 2018. Role of Adenosine Receptors in Clinical Biophysics Based on Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields. In The Adenosine Receptors (pp. 557-580). Humana Press, Cham.
Cancer
Akbarnejad, Z., Eskandary, H., Vergallo, C., Nematollahi-Mahani, S.N., Dini, L., Darvishzadeh-Mahani, F. and Ahmadi, M., 2017. Effects of extremely low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields (ELF-PEMFs) on glioblastoma cells (U87). Electromagnetic biology and medicine, 36(3), pp.238-247.
Yuan, L.Q., Wang, C., Zhu, K., Li, H.M., Gu, W.Z., Zhou, D.M., Lai, J.Q., Zhou, D., Lv, Y., Tofani, S. and Chen, X., 2018. The antitumor effect of static and extremely low frequency magnetic fields against nephroblastoma and neuroblastoma. Bioelectromagnetics, 39(5), pp.375-385.
Crocetti, S., Beyer, C., Schade, G., Egli, M., Fröhlich, J. and Franco-Obregón, A., 2013. Low intensity and frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields selectively impair breast cancer cell viability. PloS one, 8(9), p.e72944.
Koziorowska, A., Romerowicz-Misielak, M., Sołek, P. and Koziorowski, M., 2018. Extremely low frequency variable electromagnetic fields affect cancer and noncancerous cells in vitro differently: Preliminary study. Electromagnetic biology and medicine, 37(1), pp.35-42.
Filipovic, N., Djukic, T., Radovic, M., Cvetkovic, D., Curcic, M., Markovic, S., Peulic, A. and Jeremic, B., 2014. Electromagnetic field investigation on different cancer cell lines. Cancer Cell International, 14(1), pp.1-10.
Morabito, C., Guarnieri, S., Fanò, G. and Mariggiò, M.A., 2010. Effects of acute and chronic low frequency electromagnetic field exposure on PC12 cells during neuronal differentiation. Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry, 26(6), pp.947-958.
Wang, M.H., Chen, K.W., Ni, D.X., Fang, H.J., Jang, L.S. and Chen, C.H., 2021. Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field parameters on the proliferation of human breast cancer. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 40(3), pp.384-392.
Orel, V.E., Krotevych, M., Dasyukevich, O., Rykhalskyi, O., Syvak, L., Tsvir, H., Tsvir, D.,Garmanchuk, L., Orel, V.В., Sheina, I. and Rybka, V., 2021. Effects induced by a 50 hz electromagnetic field and doxorubicin on walker-256 carcinosarcoma growth and hepatic redox state in rats. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 40(4), pp.475-487.
Yuan, L.Q., Wang, C., Lu, D.F., Zhao, X.D., Tan, L.H. and Chen, X., 2020. Induction of apoptosis and ferroptosis by a tumor suppressing magnetic field through ROS-mediated DNA damage. Aging (Albany NY), 12(4), p.3662.
Vincenzi, F., Targa, M., Corciulo, C., Gessi, S., Merighi, S., Setti, S., Cadossi, R., Borea, P.A. and Varani, K., 2012. The anti-tumor effect of A3 adenosine receptors is potentiated by pulsed electromagnetic fields in cultured neural cancer cells. PloS one, 7(6), p.e39317.
Berg, H., GÜnther, B., Hilger, I., Radeva, M., Traitcheva, N. and Wollweber, L., 2010. Bioelectromagnetic field effects on cancer cells and mice tumors. Electromagnetic biology and medicine, 29(4), pp.132-143.
Mansoury, F., Babaei, N., Abdi, S., Entezari, M. and Doosti, A., 2021. Changes in NOTCH1 gene and its regulatory circRNA, hsa_circ_0005986 expression pattern in human gastric adenocarcinoma and human normal fibroblast cell line following the exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic field. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 40(3), pp.375-383.
Wang, M.H., Jian, M.W., Tai, Y.H., Jang, L.S. and Chen, C.H., 2021. Inhibition of B16F10 Cancer Cell Growth by Exposure to the Square Wave with 7.83+/-0.3 Hz Involves L-and T-Type Calcium Channels. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 40(1), pp.150-157.
Tang, J.Y., Yeh, T.W., Huang, Y.T., Wang, M.H. and Jang, L.S., 2019. Effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields on B16F10 cancer cells. Electromagnetic biology and medicine, 38(2), pp.149-157.
Cancer – review articles
Sengupta, S. and Balla, V.K., 2018. A review on the use of magnetic fields and ultrasound for non-invasive cancer treatment. Journal of advanced research, 14, pp.97-111.
Technological innovation to actively diagnose cancer cell
Spinal Cord Injury
Goldshmit, Y., Shalom, M. and Ruban, A., 2022. Treatment with Pulsed Extremely Low Frequency Electromagnetic Field (PELF-EMF) Exhibit Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effect in Compression Spinal Cord Injury Model. Biomedicines, 10(2), p.325.
Kumar, S., Jain, S., Velpandian, T., Petrovich Gerasimenko, Y., D. Avelev, V., Behari, J., Behari, M. and Mathur, R., 2013. Exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic field restores spinal cord injury-induced tonic pain and its related neurotransmitter concentration in the brain. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 32(4), pp.471-483.
Dey, S., Bose, S., Kumar, S., Rathore, R., Mathur, R. and Jain, S., 2017. Extremely low frequency magnetic field protects injured spinal cord from the microglia-and iron-induced tissue damage. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 36(4), pp.330-340.
Ambalayam, S. and Mathur, R., 2022. Extremely low frequency magnetic exposure attenuates oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death in injured spinal cord of rats. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology (IJEB), 60(04), pp.248-257.
Bhattacharyya, S., Sahu, S., Kaur, S. and Jain, S., 2020. Effect of Low Intensity Magnetic Field Stimulation on Calcium-Mediated Cytotoxicity After Mild Spinal Cord Contusion Injury in Rats. Annals of neurosciences, 27(2), pp.49-56.
Li, Z., Yao, F., Cheng, L., Cheng, W., Qi, L., Yu, S., Zhang, L., Zha, X. and Jing, J., 2019. Low frequency pulsed electromagnetic field promotes the recovery of neurological function after spinal cord injury in rats. Journal of Orthopaedic Research®, 37(2), 449-456.
Spinal cord injury – review article
Osteoporosis and bone healing
Wang, L., Li, Y., Xie, S., Huang, J., Song, K. and He, C., 2021. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy at different frequencies on bone mass and microarchitecture in osteoporotic mice. Bioelectromagnetics, 42(6), pp.441-454.
Depression
Martiny, K., Lunde, M. and Bech, P., 2010. Transcranial low voltage pulsed electromagnetic fields in patients with treatment-resistant depression. Biological psychiatry, 68(2), pp.163-169.
Bech, P., Gefke, M., Lunde, M., Lauritzen, L. and Martiny, K., 2011. The pharmacopsychometric triangle to illustrate the effectiveness of T-PEMF concomitant with antidepressants in treatment resistant patients: a double-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial revisited with focus on the patient-reported outcomes. Depression Research and Treatment, 2011.
Larsen, E.R., Licht, R.W., Nielsen, R.E., Lolk, A., Borck, B., Sørensen, C., Christensen, E.M., Bizik, G., Ravn, J., Martiny, K. and Vinberg, M., 2020. Transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields for treatment-resistant depression: A multicenter 8-week single-arm cohort study: The eighth trial of the Danish University Antidepressant Group. European Psychiatry, 63(1).
Straasø, B., Lauritzen, L., Lunde, M., Vinberg, M., Lindberg, L., Larsen, E.R., Dissing, S. and Bech, P., 2014. Dose-remission of pulsating electromagnetic fields as augmentation in therapy-resistant depression: a randomized, double-blind controlled study. Acta neuropsychiatrica, 26(5), pp.272-279.
Bech, P., Lunde, M., Lauritzen, L., Straasø, B., Lindberg, L., Vinberg, M., Undén, M., Hellström, L.C., Dissing, S. and Larsen, E.R., 2015. The Diagnostic Apathia Scale predicts a dose–remission relationship of T-PEMF in treatment-resistant depression. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 27(1), pp.1-7.
Migraine
Hatef, B., Simorgh, L., Rahimi, F. and Togha, M., 2016. The efficiency of pulsed electromagnetic field in refractory migraine headaches: a randomized, single- blinded… International Journal, 3(1), p.24.
Parkinson’s disease
Morberg, B.M., Malling, A.S., Jensen, B.R., Gredal, O., Bech, P. and Wermuth, L., 2018. Effects of transcranial pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation on quality of life in Parkinson’s disease. European Journal of Neurology, 25(7), pp.963-e74.
Jensen, B.R., Malling, A.S.B., Schmidt, S.I., Meyer, M., Morberg, B.M. and Wermuth, L., Long-term treatment with transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields improves movement speed and elevates cerebrospinal erythropoietin in Parkinson’s disease. PloS one, 16(4), p.e0248800.
Malling, A.S.B., Morberg, B.M., Wermuth, L., Gredal, O., Bech, P. and Jensen, B.R., 2018. Effect of transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields (T-PEMF) on functional rate of force development and movement speed in persons with Parkinson’s disease: A randomized clinical trial. PLoS One, 13(9), p.e0204478.
Malling, A.S.B., Morberg, B.M., Wermuth, L., Gredal, O., Bech, P. and Jensen, B.R., 2019. The effect of 8 weeks of treatment with transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields Malling, A.S.B., Morberg, B.M., Wermuth, L., Gredal, O., Bech, P. and Jensen, B.R., 2019. The effect of 8 weeks of treatment with transcranial pulsed electromagnetic fields on hand tremor and inter-hand coherence in persons with Parkinson’s disease. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 16(1), pp.1-10. Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 16(1), pp.1-10.
Alzheimer’s disease
Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Wang, W., Zhang, Y., Yu, Y., Cheing, G.L.Y. and Pan, W., 2019. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on learning and memory abilities of STZ-induced dementia rats. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 38(2), pp.123-130.
Akbarnejad, Z., Esmaeilpour, K., Shabani, M., Asadi-Shekaari, M., Saeedi goraghani, M. and Ahmadi-Zeidabadi, M., 2018. Spatial memory recovery in Alzheimer’s rat model by electromagnetic field exposure. International Journal of Neuroscience, 128(8), 691-696.
Capelli, E., Torrisi, F., Venturini, L., Granato, M., Fassina, L., Lupo, G.F.D. and Ricevuti, G., 2017. Low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic field is able to modulate miRNAs in an experimental cell model of Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of healthcare engineering, 2017.
Arendash, G., Cao, C., Abulaban, H., Baranowski, R., Wisniewski, G., Becerra, L., Andel, R., Lin, X., Zhang, X., Wittwer, D. and Moulton, J., 2019. A clinical trial of transcranial electromagnetic treatment in Alzheimer’s disease: Cognitive enhancement and associated changes in cerebrospinal fluid, blood, and brain imaging. Journal of Alzheimer’s disease, 71(1), pp.57-82.
McDermott, B., Porter, E., Hughes, D., McGinley, B., Lang, M., O’Halloran, M. and Jones, M., 2018. Gamma band neural stimulation in humans and the promise of a new modality to prevent and treat Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease, 65(2), pp.363-392.
Multiple Sclerosis
Piatkowski, J., Kern, S. and Ziemssen, T., 2009. Effect of BEMER magnetic field therapy on the level of fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial. The Journal of alternative and complementary Medicine, 15(5), pp.507-511.
Cerebral Ischemia
Duong, C.N. and Kim, J.Y., 2016. Exposure to electromagnetic field attenuates
oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced microglial cell death by reducing intracellular
Ca2+ and ROS. International Journal of Radiation Biology, 92(4), pp.195-201.
Jung, J.H. and Kim, J.Y., 2017. Electromagnetic field (10 Hz, 1 mT) protects
mesenchymal stem cells from oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced cell death by
reducing intracellular Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species. Journal of Applied
Biomedicine, 15(2), pp.112-118.
Spinal cord injury – review article
Capone, F., Salati, S., Vincenzi, F., Liberti, M., Aicardi, G., Apollonio, F., Varani, K.,
Cadossi, R. and Di Lazzaro, V., 2022. Pulsed electromagnetic fields: a novel
attractive therapeutic opportunity for neuroprotection after acute cerebral
ischemia. Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface.
PCS (post-concussion syndrome) TBI (traumatic brain injury)
Miller, C.P., Prener, M., Dissing, S. and Paulson, O.B., 2020. Transcranial low‐ frequency pulsating electromagnetic fields (T‐PEMF) as post‐concussion syndrome treatment. Acta Neurologica Scandinavica, 142(6), pp.597-604.
Pawluk, W., 2020. Use of a PEMF to treat complex TBI with Brain Gauge and Rivermead outcome measures. The Journal of Science and Medicine, 2(1).
PCS and TBI – review article
Pawluk, W., 2019. The role of pulsed magnetic fields in the management of concussion and traumatic brain injury. The Journal of Science and Medicine, 1(2).
Post-stroke, Ischemic stroke
Urnukhsaikhan, E., Mishig-Ochir, T., Kim, S.C., Park, J.K. and Seo, Y.K., 2017.
Neuroprotective effect of low frequency-pulsed electromagnetic fields in ischemic
stroke. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology, 181(4), pp.1360-1371.
PTSD – post-traumatic stress disorder
Effect of PEMF on human heart rate activity
Baldi, E., Baldi, C. and Lithgow, B.J., 2007. A pilot investigation of the effect of
extremely low frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields on humans’ heart rate
variability. Bioelectromagnetics: Journal of the Bioelectromagnetics Society, The
Society for Physical Regulation in Biology and Medicine, The European
Bioelectromagnetics Association, 28(1), pp.64-68.
Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Shanb, A.A., Youssef, E.F., Al Baker, W.I., Al-Khamis, F.A., Hassan, A. and Jatoi, N.A.,2020. The efficacy of adding electromagnetic therapy or laser therapy to
medications in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Journal of Lasers in
Medical Sciences, 11(1), p.20.
Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury
Stress urinary incontinence
Hair growth
Li, X., Ye, Y., Liu, X., Bai, L., Zhao, P., Bai, W. and Zhang, M., 2020. Low-frequency
electromagnetic fields promote hair follicles regeneration by injection a mixture of
epidermal stem cells and dermal papilla cells. Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine, 39(4), pp.251-256.
Multiple chemical sensitivity
Tran, M.T.D., Skovbjerg, S., Arendt-Nielsen, L., Christensen, K.B. and Elberling, J.,
2017. A randomised, placebo-controlled trial of transcranial pulsed electromagnetic
fields in patients with multiple chemical sensitivity. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 29(5),
pp.267-277.
Antioxidative function enhancement
Cichon, N., Bijak, M., Synowiec, E., Miller, E., Sliwinski, T. and Saluk-Bijak, J., 2018. Modulation of antioxidant enzyme gene expression by extremely low frequency electromagnetic field in post-stroke patients. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation, 78(7-8), pp.626-631.
Eraslan, G., Bilgili, A., Akdogan, M., Yarsan, E., Essiz, D. and Altintas, L., 2007. Studies on antioxidant enzymes in mice exposed to pulsed electromagnetic fields.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety, 66(2), pp.287-289.